變電站

定義：

變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，改(gai)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的場所。為了把(ba)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠發出來的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸(shu)送到(dao)較遠(yuan)的地方，必(bi)須把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)高，變(bian)為高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，到(dao)用戶(hu)附近再按(an)需要(yao)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)低，這種升(sheng)降(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的工(gong)作(zuo)靠(kao)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站來完(wan)成。變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的主要(yao)設備(bei)是開關(guan)和(he)變(bian)壓(ya)器。

按規模大(da)小不同，小的(de)稱為變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)。變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)大(da)于變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)。變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo):一(yi)般是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級在110KV以下的(de)降(jiang)壓變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan);變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan):包括各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級的(de)"升壓、降(jiang)壓"變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。

變電站是電力系統中(zhong)變換電壓(ya)、接受和分配電能、控制(zhi)電力的(de)(de)流向和調整(zheng)電壓(ya)的(de)(de)電力設(she)施，它通過其(qi)變壓(ya)器將(jiang)各級電壓(ya)的(de)(de)電網聯(lian)系起來(lai)。變電站在(zai)特定的(de)(de)環境中(zhong);是將(jiang)AC-DC-AC轉換過程。像海底(di)輸電電纜以及遠距(ju)離的(de)(de)輸送中(zhong)。有些采(cai)用高壓直(zhi)流輸變(bian)電形式。直(zhi)流輸電克服(fu)交流輸電的(de)容抗損耗。具有節(jie)能效應。

變(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)主要是高壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)電中壓(ya)(ya)，或(huo)高壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)電低一級(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)，變(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)占地較(jiao)大，根據不(bu)(bu)同電壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)及容量不(bu)(bu)同占地不(bu)(bu)同。所以會有人叫它變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)站(zhan)(zhan)……

位置：

從供電經濟性的角度考慮，變配電站應接近負荷中心。從生產角度考慮，變配電站不應妨礙生產和廠內運輸，變配電站本身設備的運輸也應當方便。從安全角度考慮，變配電站應避開易燃易爆場所。變配電站宜設在單位(wei)的(de)上風(feng)側。在(zai)企業(ye)中(zhong)，不(bu)易設(she)在(zai)容易沉積粉塵和纖維(wei)的(de)場所。變配電站(zhan)不(bu)應設(she)在(zai)人員密集的(de)地方。變配電站(zhan)的(de)選址和建筑還應考慮到(dao)滅火、防(fang)(fang)蝕、防(fang)(fang)污、防(fang)(fang)水、防(fang)(fang)雨(yu)、防(fang)(fang)雪、防(fang)(fang)震以及防(fang)(fang)止小動物鉆入的(de)要求。（規(gui)范注意！）

作用：

變電(dian)站是連接發(fa)電(dian)廠(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)用戶的一(yi)個過渡裝置。由(you)于發(fa)電(dian)廠(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)用電(dian)的城(cheng)市和工廠(chang)(chang)距離非常遠，而(er)發(fa)電(dian)廠(chang)(chang)發(fa)出的電(dian)壓不高，這樣電(dian)流(liu)就(jiu)(jiu)很(hen)大(da)，電(dian)流(liu)大(da)的話(hua)，在輸電(dian)線(xian)路上根據焦(jiao)耳定律(lv)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)產生很(hen)大(da)的熱量(liang)，這樣會(hui)導致輸電(dian)線(xian)路損壞(huai)，而(er)且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流轉換(huan)為(wei)熱(re)能也是一種損失，所以需要把發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)通(tong)過變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)升(sheng)高(gao)，到50萬伏，然后長(chang)距離(li)輸送到我們生(sheng)活的城(cheng)市和工廠，然后又通(tong)過當地的變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降低，通(tong)過配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等措施編成我們日(ri)常的220伏的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

變電所

定義：

變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)改變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)場(chang)所(suo)與地方。是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進行(xing)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)、集中和分(fen)配的(de)(de)(de)場(chang)所(suo)。為保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)質量以(yi)及(ji)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)，在(zai)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)中還需進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調整(zheng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流控制以(yi)及(ji)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)和主要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)保護。按用途可分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)和牽引變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣鐵路(lu)(lu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車用)。在(zai)國家標準GB50053-94《10kv及(ji)以(yi)下變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)設計規(gui)范》里面規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)術語定義是(shi)(shi)"10千伏及(ji)以(yi)下交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)后對(dui)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)"，符合這個的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)。

作(zuo)用：

變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)的作用(yong)是(shi)把(ba)(ba)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站發(fa)出(chu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超(chao)過一(yi)兩千伏(fu)，如果直接(jie)遠距離輸(shu)送(song)，線(xian)(xian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流會很大，使得(de)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能損耗很大，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)經濟，而且線(xian)(xian)路(lu)輸(shu)送(song)功率很低。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)要用(yong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升到(dao)幾萬伏(fu)甚至幾十(shi)萬伏(fu)（視距離和功率而定(ding)），以(yi)減小線(xian)(xian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。為了(le)將(jiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同距離和功率的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力線(xian)(xian)路(lu)連成電(dian)(dian)(dian)網，以(yi)增加整體(ti)安全性，就需(xu)要多(duo)個變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站把(ba)(ba)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同等(deng)級(ji)的線(xian)(xian)路(lu)匹配連接(jie)起來。同樣，高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸(shu)送(song)到(dao)目的地后(hou)，為了(le)適應不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同用(yong)戶的需(xu)要，又需(xu)將(jiang)其降壓(ya)到(dao)10500V、6300V、400V（即380/220V）等(deng)幾個等(deng)級(ji)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)在實際應用(yong)中需(xu)要那么(me)多(duo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站。一(yi)般主變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)是(shi)指一(yi)級(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，下設(she)二級(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，一(yi)級(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的作用(yong)是(shi)進行(xing)開關(guan)高(gao)壓(ya)配出(chu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)負責電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)送(song)。

配電房

定義：

配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)房(fang)(fang)又叫(jiao)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)，在(zai)(zai)國家標準里面，配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)的(de)定義是:"所(suo)(suo)(suo)內只有(you)起開(kai)閉(bi)和分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)作用的(de)高(gao)壓配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置，母線(xian)上無主變(bian)壓器(qi)"。配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)房(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級在(zai)(zai)35KV等(deng)級以下，內部安(an)裝(zhuang)有(you)開(kai)關、互感器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)以及相(xiang)關的(de)保護測(ce)量裝(zhuang)置。通(tong)俗點說(shuo)：蓋個(ge)房(fang)(fang)子，把變(bian)壓器(qi)放進(jin)去，還有(you)進(jin)出線(xian)柜之類的(de)，就(jiu)成配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)房(fang)(fang)（室(shi)）了規模(mo)較大(da)的(de)，多臺變(bian)壓器(qi)、高(gao)壓柜、低壓柜等(deng)等(deng)各(ge)種(zhong)，完成變(bian)壓、分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)一個(ge)獨(du)立(li)場所(suo)(suo)(suo)，或建筑物內的(de)一個(ge)區域內。配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)與變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)的(de)區別在(zai)(zai)于，配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)房(fang)(fang)(配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo))無變(bian)壓器(qi)，而變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)變(bian)壓器(qi)。變(bian)、配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)主要指小區或大(da)樓等(deng)的(de)變(bian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)間。配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)房(fang)(fang)是大(da)廈供電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的(de)關鍵部位，設專職電(dian)(dian)(dian)工對(dui)其實行(xing)(xing)24小時(shi)運行(xing)(xing)值班(ban)。未經管(guan)理處經理、部門主管(guan)的(de)許可(ke)，非工作人(ren)員不得入內。值班(ban)員必須持證上崗(gang)，熟悉(xi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)狀(zhuang)況、操作方法(fa)和安(an)全注意(yi)事項。值班(ban)員必須密切(qie)注意(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流表(biao)、功率因數表(biao)的(de)指示情況;嚴禁空氣開(kai)關超載運行(xing)(xing)。經常保持配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)房(fang)(fang)地(di)面及設備(bei)外表(biao)無塵。配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)房(fang)(fang)設備(bei)的(de)倒(dao)閘操作由值班(ban)員單獨(du)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，其他(ta)在(zai)(zai)場人(ren)員只作監護，不得插手;嚴禁兩人(ren)同時(shi)倒(dao)閘操作，以免發生錯誤。

公用配電房和專用配電房的區別在于：

1、從權限來講(jiang)，專用(yong)配電(dian)(dian)房是(shi)由業主(zhu)(zhu)自主(zhu)(zhu)管理(li)的；公用(yong)配電(dian)(dian)房屬于供電(dian)(dian)局管理(li)的。

2、從負荷(he)分配來(lai)講，專用配電房所供的負荷(he)是小區(qu)內的公共(gong)設施(shi)設備用電，如消(xiao)防泵，生(sheng)活泵，風(feng)機，電梯、公共(gong)照明和配套商(shang)業(ye)等設備用電；公用配電房所供的負荷(he)是專供居(ju)民生(sheng)活用電。

延伸閱(yue)讀：小區(qu)的配電(dian)房(fang)對人體有輻(fu)射嗎？

環保專家表示，從科學上說，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)房(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)交流電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)也會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)一些輻(fu)射，但(dan)是輻(fu)射量很低，肯定(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)國家的(de)(de)標準范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)，可能(neng)只比冰箱、電(dian)(dian)腦等家電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)輻(fu)射略高一點。“而且，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)房(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)設施(shi)有(you)墻所(suo)隔，而普通的(de)(de)磚墻就可以將輻(fu)射基本屏蔽掉，所(suo)以配(pei)電(dian)(dian)房(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)輻(fu)射對(dui)人(ren)體不會(hui)有(you)什么影響，國際流行(xing)病(bing)學研究也從沒有(you)過認定(ding)(ding)。”

不(bu)過，環保(bao)專家表示(shi)，配(pei)電房雖然沒有什(shen)么輻(fu)射污染，但是(shi)嗡(weng)嗡(weng)的(de)噪音(yin)卻可能有些吵人，“配(pei)電房的(de)噪音(yin)屬(shu)于低頻噪音(yin)，穿透力(li)很強，但是(shi)在環保(bao)檢測上卻并不(bu)超標。”

開閉所

定(ding)義：

開閉(bi)所，指不(bu)進行電(dian)(dian)壓變(bian)換而(er)用開關設(she)備實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)路開閉(bi)的配電(dian)(dian)所，是(shi)(shi)(shi)將高壓電(dian)(dian)力分別(bie)向(xiang)周(zhou)圍的幾個用電(dian)(dian)單位供電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)力設(she)施，位于電(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)中變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的下一級。其特征是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)源進線側(ce)和出線側(ce)的電(dian)(dian)壓相同。當然(ran)，區域變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)也具有開閉(bi)所的功(gong)能。但需明確的是(shi)(shi)(shi)，開閉(bi)所是(shi)(shi)(shi)區別(bie)于變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)而(er)言的。

開閉所(suo)(suo)也(ye)指用于接(jie)收(shou)電(dian)(dian)力(li)并分配(pei)電(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)供配(pei)電(dian)(dian)設施，高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)網中稱為開關(guan)站(zhan)。中壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)網中的(de)開閉所(suo)(suo)一般用于10kV電(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)接(jie)受(shou)與分配(pei)。開閉所(suo)(suo)一般兩進(jin)多出(chu)(常用4~6出(chu))，只是(shi)根(gen)據(ju)不同的(de)要求，進(jin)出(chu)可以設置斷路器、負荷開關(guan)。是(shi)全金(jin)屬密閉，能(neng)夠在(zai)室外運行的(de)10KV電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)以下的(de)開關(guan)柜(ju)組合。轉供容量8000KW左右，向地(di)塊或區域的(de)變配(pei)電(dian)(dian)室提供中壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)源。

位置：

設在(zai)車站(zhan)(zhan)、貨(huo)場(chang)附近、電力機務段、樞紐站(zhan)(zhan)等大宗負(fu)荷(he)處。

作用：將供電(dian)(dian)(dian)臂分段(duan)，事故時縮小事故范圍(wei)，提(ti)高供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)可靠性、靈(ling)活(huo)性；減少變電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)的(de)復雜性；不改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大(da)小，只擴大(da)饋線回路數，相當于配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)。

箱式變壓器（俗稱箱變）

定(ding)義(yi)：

箱(xiang)(xiang)式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，又叫(jiao)預(yu)(yu)裝(zhuang)式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所或預(yu)(yu)裝(zhuang)式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。是(shi)(shi)一種高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開關設備(bei)、配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器和(he)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，按一定接線方案(an)排成一體的(de)工(gong)廠預(yu)(yu)制戶內、戶外(wai)緊湊(cou)式配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)，即將變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等功能有機地組合(he)在一起，安裝(zhuang)在一個防(fang)(fang)潮、防(fang)(fang)銹、防(fang)(fang)塵、防(fang)(fang)鼠(shu)、防(fang)(fang)火、防(fang)(fang)盜(dao)、隔(ge)熱、全封(feng)閉、可移(yi)動(dong)的(de)鋼結(jie)構箱(xiang)(xiang)，特別適用(yong)于城網(wang)建(jian)設與改造，是(shi)(shi)繼土建(jian)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)之后(hou)崛起的(de)一種嶄新的(de)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。一般是(shi)(shi)把(ba)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)成低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，例如把(ba)10kv的(de)線路經變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器變(bian)成380v的(de)工(gong)作用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。箱(xiang)(xiang)式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)適用(yong)于礦山(shan)、工(gong)廠企(qi)業、油氣(qi)田和(he)風力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，它替代了原有的(de)土建(jian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房，配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，成為(wei)新型的(de)成套變(bian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。

箱(xiang)(xiang)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站（簡稱箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)）一(yi)般由高壓室、變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器室和低(di)壓室組成(cheng)。箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)產品(pin)是一(yi)種比較簡易的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)配電裝(zhuang)置，其變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器部分的(de)選擇，均(jun)可按一(yi)般通則處理(li)，容量一(yi)般不(bu)超過1250kVA。臨(lin)時箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)：臨(lin)時用的(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)，比如(ru)某工地的(de)臨(lin)時變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器，將來要(yao)拆除的(de)，不(bu)做(zuo)永久保留(liu)使用的(de)。

位(wei)置：

第(di)一(yi)種(zhong)，主(zhu)要(yao)用在城市(shi)的(de)住宅小區、以及街道，當(dang)用電(dian)高峰期。需(xu)要(yao)增加電(dian)壓時候，就需(xu)要(yao)用到(dao)我們的(de)設備-箱式變電(dian)站了(le)。

第二種，主要(yao)(yao)用(yong)于臨時性(xing)的(de)供(gong)應電(dian)量，比如在工地(di)，在已有(you)建筑物的(de)情況下，我(wo)們需要(yao)(yao)改造(zao)用(yong)電(dian)設備(bei)。在野外(wai)作業(ye)的(de)時候也是(shi)經常(chang)用(yong)到箱式(shi)變電(dian)站的(de)，比如：工地(di)、碼(ma)頭、機場等等。

作用：

箱式變電(dian)站用(yong)(yong)于高層住(zhu)宅，豪華別(bie)墅，廣(guang)場(chang)公(gong)園，居民小區(qu)，中小型工(gong)廠，礦山、油(you)田，以及臨(lin)時施工(gong)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)等場(chang)所，作配電(dian)系統中接(jie)受和分(fen)配電(dian)能之用(yong)(yong)。

牽引變電所

定(ding)義：

牽引(yin)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所的(de)(de)功(gong)能是將三(san)相(xiang)的(de)(de)110KV(或220KV)高壓(ya)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)換為兩(liang)個單相(xiang)的(de)(de)27.5KV的(de)(de)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后向鐵路上、下行(xing)兩(liang)個方(fang)向的(de)(de)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)網(wang)(額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為27.5KV)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，牽引(yin)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所每(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側的(de)(de)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)網(wang)都被稱做供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)臂。該兩(liang)臂的(de)(de)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)位是不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)是用(yong)分(fen)相(xiang)絕緣器隔(ge)離(li)開來。相(xiang)鄰變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所間的(de)(de)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)是同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)的(de)(de)[BFQ]，期間除也用(yong)分(fen)相(xiang)絕緣器隔(ge)離(li)外，還設置了分(fen)區亭(ting)，通過分(fen)區亭(ting)斷路器或隔(ge)離(li)開關(guan)的(de)(de)操作，實行(xing)雙邊(或單邊)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)牽(qian)引的(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)。牽(qian)引變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)把區域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統送(song)(song)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)牽(qian)引對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)不同要求，轉變(bian)為(wei)適(shi)用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)牽(qian)引的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，然(ran)后分(fen)別(bie)送(song)(song)到沿鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)線(xian)上空(kong)架(jia)設的(de)(de)(de)接觸網(wang)，為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)機車(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，或者送(song)(song)到地下鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)道等城市交通所(suo)(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統，為(wei)地鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)輛或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。一(yi)(yi)條電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)沿線(xian)設有多個牽(qian)引變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)，相鄰(lin)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)距離約(yue)為(wei)40~50公里(li)。在長的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)中，為(wei)了把高壓輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)分(fen)段以縮小(xiao)故(gu)障范圍,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)每隔200~250公里(li)還設有支柱牽(qian)引變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo),它(ta)除了完成一(yi)(yi)般(ban)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)外，還把高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)送(song)(song)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，通過它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)母線(xian)和輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)分(fen)配(pei)給其他中間(jian)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)。

分區亭

定義：

設置于兩(liang)個牽(qian)引變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)中間，可使兩(liang)相(xiang)鄰(lin)的(de)(de)(de)接觸網(wang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)段(duan)(同(tong)一(yi)(yi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臂的(de)(de)(de)上、下(xia)行或兩(liang)相(xiang)鄰(lin)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臂)實(shi)現并聯或單獨工作。如果(guo)分區(qu)廳兩(liang)側的(de)(de)(de)某一(yi)(yi)區(qu)段(duan)接觸網(wang)發生(sheng)短路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，可由供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)牽(qian)引變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線斷(duan)路(lu)器及分區(qu)亭斷(duan)路(lu)器，在(zai)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)作用下(xia)自動跳閘，將故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)段(duan)接觸網(wang)切除(chu)，而非故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)接觸網(wang)仍照常工作，從而使事故(gu)范圍(wei)縮小一(yi)(yi)半。

位置：

設在兩個牽引變電所(suo)中間，增加供(gong)電的靈活性、可靠(kao)性。

作(zuo)用：

分相；越區供電；縮(suo)小事故(gu)的范圍。